How Early Analytical Planning Can Improve PDC Developability

In peptide drug conjugate development, analytics should not wait until the final purification step. A PDC can contain peptide-related impurities, linker-related species, free payload, conjugation variants, degradation products and closely related stereochemical species. Without early … Read more

The Substrate Is Not a Detail

Polyurea bonds to concrete, metal, wood, and many other substrates, but it does not bond to everything. And it does not bond well to surfaces that are contaminated, weak, or improperly prepared. Concrete must be … Read more

Two Philosophies in Conflict

Traditional bonsai is an art of imitation. The goal is to create a miniature tree that looks as though it grew naturally in the wild, shaped by wind, weather, and time. The best bonsai do … Read more